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Kyoto University classifies blood cancer into 16 types using epigenome analysis, paving the way for personalized treatment
N2 science Original · 2 min read · 90 views · 20 words

京大、血液がんを16種類に分類 エピゲノム解析で個別化治療へ

Kyoto University classifies blood cancer into 16 types using epigenome analysis, paving the way for personalized treatment

Source: Bài luyện đọc do JNews biên soạn dựa trên chủ đề thời sự trên báo Nhật

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京都大学の小川誠司教授らの研究チームけんきゅうチームは、難治性の血液がんである急性骨髄性白血病きゅうせいこつずいせいはっけつびょう(AML)を、従来の遺伝子変異いでんしへんいではなくエピゲノムエピゲノムの特徴に基づいて16種類のグループに分類ぶんるいできることを明らかにしました。研究成果けんきゅうせいかは英科学誌「ネイチャー」に掲載されています。

A research team led by Professor Seishi Ogawa of Kyoto University has shown that acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a difficult-to-treat blood cancer, can be classified into 16 groups based on epigenomic features rather than conventional gene mutations. The findings were published in the British scientific journal *Nature*.

エピゲノムとは、同じDNA配列でも細胞によって遺伝子の働き方を変える仕組みのことです。がんの性質にも深く関わっていると考えられてきましたが、全体像は十分に分かっていませんでした。チームは日本とスウェーデンの患者合わせて1,563人のがん細胞を対象に、遺伝子が読み取られやすい状態になっているかどうかを大規模に解析かいせきしました。

The epigenome is a mechanism that changes how genes work depending on the cell, even when the DNA sequence is the same. It has long been thought to be deeply involved in the nature of cancer, but the full picture was not well understood. The team conducted a large-scale analysis of cancer cells from a total of 1,563 patients in Japan and Sweden, examining which parts of the genetic information were in a readable state.

その結果、AMLは16の特徴的なサブグループサブグループに分けられることが分かりました。グループごとに5年生存率せいぞんりつは12%から85%まで大きく異なり、従来の遺伝子変異に基づく分類よりも正確に予後よご予測よそくできることが示されました。また、培養した白血病細胞に約250種類の薬剤やくざいを試したところ、グループによって効く薬が違うことも確認されました。

As a result, AML was found to be divisible into 16 characteristic subgroups. The five-year survival rate varied widely by group, from 12% to 85%, and it was shown that prognosis could be predicted more accurately than with conventional classifications based on gene mutations. In addition, when about 250 types of drugs were tested on cultured leukemia cells, it was confirmed that different drugs were effective depending on the group.

一部のグループでは、別の病気である慢性骨髄性白血病の治療薬ちりょうやくが効果を示す可能性かのうせいも見つかりました。京都大学の越智陽太郎助教は「エピゲノムを基に患者を分けることで、それぞれに合った薬の開発かいはつが進む可能性を示せた」と話しています。小川教授も「遺伝子変異だけでは見えなかった白血病の特徴が明らかになった。新薬の発見などにつなげたい」と期待きたいを述べています。

In some groups, it was even found that drugs used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia, a different disease, might be effective. Assistant Professor Yotaro Ochi of Kyoto University said, “By classifying patients based on the epigenome, we were able to show the possibility that drug development tailored to each individual will progress.” Professor Ogawa also expressed his hopes: “Features of leukemia that could not be seen through gene mutations alone have become clear. We want to connect this to the discovery of new drugs.”

この研究成果は、白血病が単なる「ゲノムの病気」ではなく、エピゲノムも病態に重要な役割やくわりを果たしていることを大規模な研究で示した点で意義いぎがあります。今後、エピゲノム情報を利用した次世代の精密医療せいみついりょうが進み、患者一人ひとりに最適な治療法ちりょうほうを選べるようになることが期待されています。

These research findings are significant in that they demonstrated through a large-scale study that leukemia is not merely a “genome disease,” but that the epigenome also plays an important role in the pathology. In the future, next-generation precision medicine using epigenomic information is expected to advance, making it possible to select the optimal treatment method for each individual patient.

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