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「30年以上ぶりの異常事態」ワクチンで防げたはずの“麻疹”が再び猛威…米患者4,000人に迫る
N3 disaster Original · 1 min read · 39 views · 23 words

アメリカで麻疹が再び急拡大 患者数4000人に迫り30年ぶりの高水準

Measles surges again in the U.S.: Cases near 4,000, highest in 30 years

アメリカで、かつて撲滅ぼくめつされたと考えられていた麻疹はしかが再び急速きゅうそくに広がっています。今年に入って確認かくねんされた患者数は4,000人に迫り、30年以上で最も高い水準すいじゅんとなっています。

In the United States, measles, which was once considered eliminated, is rapidly spreading again. The number of confirmed cases this year is approaching 4,000, reaching its highest level in over 30 years.

ペンシルベニア州ペンシルベニアしゅうでは、ワクチンを接種せっしゅしていなかった40歳の女性が、麻疹の疑いによる呼吸不全こきゅうふぜんで死亡しぼうしました。女性には麻疹の典型的なてんけいてきな症状しょうじょうが出ており、慢性閉塞性肺疾患まんせいへいそくせいはいしっかん(COPD)という基礎疾患もありました。

In Pennsylvania, a 40-year-old unvaccinated woman died of respiratory failure suspected to be caused by measles. The woman showed typical symptoms of measles and also had an underlying condition, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

同州ではこれまでに670人の感染が確認され、そのうち124人が入院にゅういんしています。また、これまでに死亡した3人は全員ワクチンを接種していませんでした。アメリカは2000年に麻疹の「排除はいじょ」を宣言せんげんしましたが、近年はワクチン接種率の低下ていかにより感染が再び拡大かくだいしています。

In the state, 670 infections have been confirmed so far, with 124 people hospitalized. Additionally, all three people who have died so far were unvaccinated. Although the U.S. declared measles "eliminated" in 2000, the disease has been spreading again in recent years due to declining vaccination rates.

麻疹は非常に感染力が強いですが、ワクチンを2回接種すれば約97%の効果こうかで予防よぼうできます。未接種の人は、肺炎はいえんや脳炎のうえんなどの重い合併症がっぺいしょうを起こす危険きけんがあります。また、ワクチンに否定的なひていてきな人物が政府の重要じゅうようなポストに就く予定であることから、今後の接種率低下を懸念けねんする声も上がっています。

Measles is highly contagious, but receiving two doses of the vaccine provides about 97% protection. Unvaccinated individuals risk developing severe complications such as pneumonia or encephalitis. Furthermore, concerns are rising over future declines in vaccination rates as a figure skeptical of vaccines is expected to take a key government post.

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Tại sao bệnh sởi lại bùng phát trở lại ở Mỹ dù đã từng bị xóa sổ?

Nguyên nhân chính là do tỷ lệ tiêm chủng vắc-xin giảm sút trong những năm gần đây. Khi số lượng người không có miễn dịch trong cộng đồng tăng lên, virus sởi (vốn có khả năng lây lan cực kỳ mạnh) dễ dàng bùng phát thành dịch khi có ca bệnh xâm nhập từ nước ngoài.

Những ai có nguy cơ gặp biến chứng nặng khi mắc bệnh sởi?

Những người chưa tiêm vắc-xin phòng sởi, trẻ sơ sinh chưa đến tuổi tiêm chủng, phụ nữ mang thai và những người có bệnh nền mãn tính (như bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mãn tính COPD) là những đối tượng có nguy cơ cao bị biến chứng nặng như viêm phổi, viêm não hoặc suy hô hấp dẫn đến tử vong.

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