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3課 受身・使役・使役受身
Passive / commanded / dictated — to be, to be, to be caught, to be allowed
3課

受身形(受身の作り方)

接続:Ⅰ類: う段→あ段+れる(読む→読まれる)/Ⅱ類: る→られる(ほめる→ほめられる)/Ⅲ類: する→される、来る→来られる
Passive conjugation — 'to be/have someone do something'. After conjugation, it acts like a verb Ⅱ類.
注意 / Note:Ⅰ類 ends with う then change to わ: 言う→言われる(not ×言あれる). Ⅱ類 passive and possible coincidence — distinguished by auxiliary.
比較 / Compare:食べられる = can eat(可能)or be eaten(受身)— look at 〜に to know.
よく出る形 / Common form:AはBに Vられる。
先生は学生をほめます。→ 学生は先生にほめられます。
The teacher praises the students. → The student was praised by the teacher.
母はわたしを起こしました。→ わたしは母に起こされました。
Mom woke me up. → I was woken up by my mother.
みんながその歌を歌います。→ その歌はみんなに歌われます。
Everyone sings that song. → That song is sung by everyone.

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