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Middle paragraph – explanation ⑦
第4部 内容理解（中文）・説明文⑦. Card circuit: 車の増加 → 郊外化 → 高齢者が困る／中心部が寂れる → コンパクトシティ. Tip: 問1・問2 is an interpretation question (どのような意味か) → just take the meaning in the article, don't extrapolate; 問3 ask why 注目 → look at the benefits for 高齢者. ※ The source has an error in the word 「車を運動する」→ which is correct 「運転する」.
日本では1960年代ごろから車が増加し、道路が整備される（注1）とともに、地方都市が①外側へと広がった。郊外に住む人が増え、大きなスーパーや病院のような施設（注2）も郊外に造られるようになったのである。そうした所へは歩いて行けないが、車で行けるようになった。しかし、それで困るのが高齢者である。高齢者は車を運転する人が多くないため、郊外まで買い物や病院に行くのが難しい。
一方、街の中心部の店には客が来なくなって、閉店する所も増えてしまった。そこで、最近、いくつかの都市はさまざまな施設を再び街の中心に戻し、人々も中心部に集まって住めるようにしようとしている。このような都市はコンパクトシティと言われており、お年寄りも気軽にいろいろな場所へ行くことができる。高齢化が進み、人口が減少している現在、②こうした都市が注目されている。
（注1）整備する：使えるような状態にする
（注2）施設：ある目的のために造られた建物
Explanation: The sentence immediately following explains: 「郊外に住む人が増え、大きなスーパーや病院のような施設も郊外に造られるようになった」→ ③. ① is wrong because it was not ANOTHER city that arose. ② is a condition (road), not the meaning of this phrase. ④ trap: the house and premises themselves are not spacious.
What does ①「spread outward」mean?
① Outside the urban area, another new neighborhood is formed. · ② Roads are built so it's easier to get to other neighborhoods. · ③ Housing and utility facilities are also springing up in the suburbs. · ④ The city's area is larger, so the facilities and houses are also larger.
Explanation: The definition is right before the word コンパクトシティ: 「施設を再び街の中心に戻し、人々も中心部に集まって住めるようにしようとしている」→ ④. ①② is BAD CONDITION before compact city. ③ converse: good point is that elderly people DO NOT need to drive.
According to the article, what kind of city is a "compact city"?
① A city where many stores in the center had to close. · ② A city where it is difficult for the elderly to go shopping. · ③ A city where the elderly can drive themselves to go shopping. · ④ The city brought amenities back to the center and to the people living there.
Explanation: Article: 「お年寄りも気軽にいろいろな場所へ行くことができる」＋ context 高齢化 → ②. ① shuttle service is not included in the article. ③ bustle is just a side effect. ④ The article does not say that the population of that city will increase.
②「Cities like that are getting attention」— why are they getting attention?
① Because if you call a car, someone will take the elderly to stores and facilities. · ② Because the elderly can go to stores and facilities in the center easily. · ③ Because people gather in the center, the street becomes bustling. · ④ Because in the midst of an aging and decreasing population, it is expected that this city will increase in population.
In Japan, since around the 1960s, the number of cars has increased, roads have been completely built (note 1), and with that, local municipalities ①expanded outward. The number of people living in suburban areas increases, facilities (note 2) such as large supermarkets or hospitals are also built in suburban areas. Those places cannot be reached on foot, but by car you can. However, the people who have difficulty because of that are the elderly: not many elderly people drive, so it is difficult for them to go shopping or go to the hospital in suburban areas.
On the other hand, stores in the city center lost customers and the number of places that had to close increased. Therefore, recently, some urban areas are looking for ways to bring facilities back to the center and how to make people gather to live in the center. This type of urban area is called compact city, and elderly people can also comfortably go to many places. In the current context of increasing aging and decreasing population, ②such urban areas are receiving attention.
(note 1) 整備する: put into usable state. (note 2) 施設: a building built for a certain purpose.
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