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Kiểm tra bài cũ
Đề kiểm tra nội dung Session 66 · 動詞 · 形容詞・副詞. Đúng từ 80% trở lên thì mở được buổi học hôm nay. Sai thì làm lại ngay, không phải chờ.
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Grammar of this session 文法 8課 後半
10 patterns · mẫu đang học được tô vàng ngay trong câu ví dụ
8課 後半 10 patterns
- ～どう言いますか dou iimasuka 文法How to say…?. Ask how to express an idea/sentence in specific language.接続：N は languages で どう言いますかHow to say…?. Ask how to express an idea/sentence in specific language.注意 / Note：何と言いますか often asks for names/corresponding words; どう言いますか emphasis on speaking.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask how to express an idea/sentence
Wonder: Want to know how to say it naturally/politely?
Avoid: Don't use it when you just need the name of the object
Tip to remember: X語でどう言いますか
Check again: Ask the whole sentence/emotion → どう言いますか「Good luck」は日本語でどう言いますか。How to say “Good luck” in Japanese?この気持ちを日本語でどう言いますか。How to express this feeling in Japanese?「予約を変えたい」は丁寧にどう言いますか。How to politely say "I want to change my reservation"? - ～どうしますか doushimasuka 文法What will be done?; decide?. Ask the listener's actions, plans, or options.接続：N を／Vるのを どうしますかWhat will be done?; decide?. Ask the listener's actions, plans, or options.注意 / Note：どうですか ask for rating/status; どうしますか ask for action/decision.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask for plans/treatments
Wonder: Should the answer be action or decision?
Avoid: Don't use it to ask for feelings
Tip to remember: どうしますか
Check again: “What will be done?” → どうしますか壊れたパソコンはどうしますか。How will you handle a broken computer?雨なら、運動会はどうしますか。If it rains, how will the sports festival handle it?古い家具はどうしますか。How will you dispose of old furniture? - ～どうですか doudesuka 文法… how?; … so what?. Ask for feelings, status or make suggestions.接続：N は／Vるのは どうですか… how?; … so what?. Ask for feelings, status or make suggestions.注意 / Note：どうしますか asked what to do; いかがですか is more polite than どうですか.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask for comments, quality or suggestions
Wonder: The answer is rating/status?
Avoid: Don't use if asking for next action
Tip to remember: どうですか
Check again: “How?” → どうですか日本の生活はどうですか。How is life in Japan?新しい仕事はどうですか。How is the new job?駅まで歩くのはどうですか。What about walking to the station? - どうやって douyatte 文法How; how. Ask for methods or steps to take action.接続：どうやって + VHow; how. Ask for methods or steps to take action.注意 / Note：なんで can also ask for means; どうやって ask more broadly about how.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask for methods/steps
Wonder: The answer is how?
Avoid: Don't use just to ask why
Tip to remember: どうやって + V
Check again: “How?” → どうやって駅までどうやって行きますか。How do you get to the station?このアプリはどうやって使いますか。How to use this application?空港からホテルまでどうやって来ましたか。How did you get from the airport to the hotel? - ～とき toki 文法When; at. Refers to the time when a state or action occurs.接続：Nの／な-Adjな／い-Adj／Vる・Vた + ときWhen; at. Refers to the time when a state or action occurs.注意 / Note：Vるとき: before/while the action is not completed; Vたとき: after/when it happened, depending on the verb.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say when/when something happens
Wonder: Need to tie time to action?
Avoid: Don't choose Vた or Vる arbitrarily
Tip to remember: Vるとき before/not completed, Vたとき after/has happened
Check again: Determine whether action A has been completed at that time時間がないとき、タクシーで行きます。When I don't have time, I take a taxi.日本へ来たとき、桜を初めて見ました。When I came to Japan, I saw cherry blossoms for the first time.暇なとき、よく本を読みます。When I have free time, I often read books. - ときどき tokidoki 文法Sometimes. Indicates irregular but recurring frequency.接続：ときどき + VSometimes. Indicates irregular but recurring frequency.注意 / Note：いつも = always; よく = usually; たいてい = usually/mostly; ときどき lower.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Speak occasionally
Wonder: Low frequency but is it repetitive?
Avoid: Don't use when almost always
Tip to remember: ときどき + V
Check again: Frequency scale: よく > ときどきときどき家族と外食します。Sometimes I eat out with my family.朝はときどきコーヒーを飲みます。In the morning I sometimes drink coffee.仕事でときどき東京へ行きます。Because of work, I sometimes go to Tokyo. - いつも itsumo 文法Always; always. Describes an almost unchanged habit or state.接続：いつも + V／AdjAlways; always. Describes an almost unchanged habit or state.注意 / Note：いつでも = any time; いつも = always in fact.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Speak always/steady habit
Wonder: Is the job/status nearly constant?
Avoid: Don't use when to mean "at any time."
Tip to remember: いつも + V
Check again: いつも = always, いつでも = anytime父はいつも六時に起きます。My dad always wakes up at 6 o'clock.彼はいつも笑っています。He's always smiling.この店はいつも人が多いです。This restaurant is always crowded. - いつでも itsudemo 文法Anytime. No time limit; Usually used when giving permission or showing readiness.接続：いつでも + VAnytime. No time limit; Usually used when giving permission or showing readiness.注意 / Note：いつも = always; いつか = someday.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Speak any time
Wonder: Allowed/available at all times?
Avoid: Don't use it to talk about actual habits
Tip to remember: いつでも + V
Check again: “Anytime” → いつでも質問があれば、いつでも聞いてください。If you have questions, ask anytime.この部屋はいつでも使えます。This room can be used at any time.日本にはいつでも来てください。Come to Japan anytime. - いつか itsuka 文法Someday; sometime. Refers to an unspecified time in the future or past depending on the context.接続：いつか + VSomeday; sometime. Refers to an unspecified time in the future or past depending on the context.注意 / Note：いつ = when?; いつでも = any time; いつか = some time.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Said at some unspecified time
Wonder: Is it an unknown time in the past/future?
Avoid: Don't use it to ask "when?"
Tip to remember: いつか + V
Check again: か = some timeいつか富士山に登りたいです。Someday I want to climb Mount Fuji.いつか家族と北海道へ行きたいです。Someday I want to go to Hokkaido with my family.この写真をいつか見たことがあります。I've seen this photo before. - いくつ ikutsu 文法What; how much; How old are you. Ask about the number of things in general or their age in an informal way.接続：いくつですか／いくつありますかWhat; how much; How old are you. Ask about the number of things in general or their age in an informal way.注意 / Note：For users 何人, thin items 何枚…; asked politely おいくつですか.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask for general quantity or age
Wonder: Do I need to ask how many things/how old I am?
Avoid: Don't use it with specific counting words if precision is needed
Tip to remember: いくつ, polite age is おいくつ
Check again: General items without counting types → いくつりんごはいくつありますか。How many apples?質問はいくつありますか。How many questions?みかんをいくつ買いましたか。How many tangerines did you buy?
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