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Kiểm tra bài cũ
Đề kiểm tra nội dung Session 60 · 情報・コミュニケーション · 世界と日本 · どんな人・気持ち？. Đúng từ 80% trở lên thì mở được buổi học hôm nay. Sai thì làm lại ngay, không phải chờ.
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Grammar of this session 文法 8課 中盤
11 patterns · mẫu đang học được tô vàng ngay trong câu ví dụ
8課 中盤 11 patterns
- どなた donata 文法Which position; ai (polite). A more polite way of asking someone だれ, often used with guests or superiors.接続：どなたですかWhich position; ai (polite). A more polite way of asking someone だれ, often used with guests or superiors.注意 / Note：Do not use だれ in situations where you need to be especially polite if you can use どなた.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask “who” with politeness
Wonder: Asking a guest/stranger/person in the air?
Avoid: Don't use it in very informal speech
Tip to remember: どなたですか
Check again: Change だれ to どなた to be politeあの方はどなたですか。Who is that person?受付の方はどなたですか。Who is in charge of the reception?失礼ですが、どなた様でしょうか。I'm sorry, may I ask who you are? - どの dono 文法What/who…. Interrogative words always come before nouns to select or identify an object.接続：どの + NWhat/who…. Interrogative words always come before nouns to select or identify an object.注意 / Note：どれ stand alone; どの must be followed by a noun.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask “which/who” and must include a noun
Wonder: Is there a noun immediately after the question word?
Avoid: Don't let どの stand alone
Tip to remember: どの + N
Check again: If the blank is followed by a noun, choose どのどのかばんがあなたのですか。Which bag is yours?どの電車が新大阪へ行きますか。Which train goes to Shin-Osaka?どの学生がベトナムから来ましたか。Which students are from Vietnam? - どれでも doredemo 文法Anything is fine; any. Allows free selection within a group of objects.接続：どれでも + affirmAnything is fine; any. Allows free selection within a group of objects.注意 / Note：どれ = which one?; どれか = something; どれも + negative = none.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say anything
Wonder: Is free choice allowed among objects?
Avoid: Don't use it to ask "which one?"
Tip to remember: どれでも + affirm
Check again: でも = anything is fine好きなケーキをどれでも選んでください。Choose any cake you like.三つの中から、どれでも選べます。Of the three, you can choose any one.ペンはどれでも使っていいです。You can use any pen. - どんな donna 文法What kind of…?. Ask about the nature, type or characteristics of a noun.接続：どんな + NWhat kind of…?. Ask about the nature, type or characteristics of a noun.注意 / Note：どう is “how” as a predicate; どんな must come before the noun.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask about the type/characteristics of the noun
Wonder: Want to know "what kind"?
Avoid: Don't let どんな stand alone
Tip to remember: どんな + N
Check again: It is always followed by a noun: どんな本どんな音楽が好きですか。What kind of music do you like?東京はどんな町ですか。What kind of city is Tokyo?どんな先生に習いたいですか。What kind of teacher do you want to study with? - なに nani 文法What. Reading is often used before particles; ask about things or content.接続：なにを／なにが／なにに…What. Reading is often used before particles; ask about things or content.注意 / Note：何 is read as なん before です, の and some count words; usually read なに before を/が.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask about the object/content
Wonder: Is the blank “what”?
Avoid: Don't forget to read なん before a negative number
Tip to remember: なに + particle
Check again: Before を／が is usually なに何を食べたいですか。What do you want to eat?箱の中に何がありますか。What's in the box?今、何がいちばん必要ですか。What do you need most now? - なにか nanika 文法Something; something. Refers to an unspecified object/content; を/が can often be combed.接続：なにか + VSomething; something. Refers to an unspecified object/content; を/が can often be combed.注意 / Note：何 is the question; 何か is an indeterminate thing.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say an unspecified thing/event
Wonder: Does it mean “something”?
Avoid: Don't use it when negative "nothing"
Tip to remember: なにか
Check again: か = something何か飲みたいです。I want to drink something.冷蔵庫に何か冷たい飲み物があります。There is some cold drink in the refrigerator.週末に何かおもしろいことをしましょう。Do something fun this weekend. - なにも～ません nanimo masen 文法Nothing… anything. Negate all related things/actions.接続：なにも + negativeNothing… anything. Negate all related things/actions.注意 / Note：何でも + affirmative = anything; 何か = something.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say no to anything
Wonder: Is the entire content/object negated?
Avoid: Do not use with affirmative verbs
Tip to remember: なにも + negation
Check again: “Nothing” = 何 + も + ない朝、何も食べませんでした。This morning I didn't eat anything.昨日は何も買いませんでした。Yesterday I didn't buy anything.忙しくて、何もできませんでした。I'm busy so I can't do anything. - なん nan 文法What; how many (reading なん of 何). Used before です, の and many counting words like 時・人・枚.接続：なんですか／なんの／なん + counting wordWhat; how many (reading なん of 何). Used before です, の and many counting words like 時・人・枚.注意 / Note：何を usually reads なにを; 何時 read なんじ.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Read 何 as なん before です, の, the counting word
Wonder: After 何 is there a sound that needs to be pronounced differently?
Avoid: Don't read 何を as なんを in the basic form
Tip to remember: なんですか, なんじ, なんにん
Check again: Seeing です／の／counter, try reading なんこれは何ですか。What is this?今日は何曜日ですか。What day is today?この漢字は何と読みますか。What does this kanji read? - なんで nande 文法Why; equal to what. In conversation, ask for reasons or means depending on the context.接続：なんで + sentenceWhy; equal to what. In conversation, ask for reasons or means depending on the context.注意 / Note：なんで có thể mơ hồ; hỏi phương tiện rõ hơn có thể dùng 何で, hỏi lý do lịch sự dùng どうして.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask for reasons or means according to context
Wonder: Is the answer “because…” or “by…”?
Avoid: Don't use it if you need a formal question about the reason
Tip to remember: なんで casual, どうして neutral, なぜ formal
Check again: If the latter is 会社へ行きます, the means can be asked; look at the answerなんで日本語を勉強していますか。Why are you learning Japanese?何で会社へ行きますか。What means of transportation do you use to get to work?なんで昨日休んだのですか。Why did you rest yesterday? - なんでも nandemo 文法Anything; anything. No restrictions on objects or content.接続：なんでも + affirmAnything; anything. No restrictions on objects or content.注意 / Note：何も + negative = nothing; 何か = something.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say anything
Wonder: Open affirmative sentences do not limit things?
Avoid: Don't use it to say "nothing"
Tip to remember: なんでも + affirm
Check again: でも = whatever田中さんは何でも食べます。Mr. Tanaka can eat everything.この店では何でもそろいます。There is everything in this store.分からなければ、何でも質問してください。If you don't understand, ask anything. - ～なんと言いますか nanto iimasuka 文法What do … say/call?. Ask about words or how to call something in a language.接続：N は languages で なんと言いますかWhat do … say/call?. Ask about words or how to call something in a language.注意 / Note：何と言いますか ask for words/names; どう言いますか asks for expressions, sometimes close in meaning.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask for the name/word of an object
Wonder: Want to know what “is called” in a language?
Avoid: Don't use it when asking how to express an entire idea/sentence
Tip to remember: N は X語で何と言いますか
Check again: Ask for an object's name → 何と言いますか「ありがとう」は英語で何と言いますか。What does “Arigatou” say in English?「電車」はベトナム語で何と言いますか。What is “Densha” in Vietnamese?この料理は日本語で何と言いますか。What is this dish called in Japanese?
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