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Kiểm tra bài cũ
Đề kiểm tra nội dung Session 55 · 体・健康 · 道具・材料・機械. Đúng từ 80% trở lên thì mở được buổi học hôm nay. Sai thì làm lại ngay, không phải chờ.
Hiểu nghĩa, cách nối và tự đặt câu ngắn.
Grammar of this session 文法 8課 前半
11 patterns · mẫu đang học được tô vàng ngay trong câu ví dụ
8課 前半 11 patterns
- だれ dare 文法Who. From questioning and asking people; can go with particles according to their role in the sentence.接続：だれが／だれを／だれと…Who. From questioning and asking people; can go with particles according to their role in the sentence.注意 / Note：だれか = someone; だれも + negative = no one; どなた is more polite.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask about people
Wonder: Is the place where information is needed a person?
Avoid: Do not use for things/places
Tip to remember: だれ + suitable particle
Check again: Replace the person's name with だれ, keeping the particle intactだれがこのケーキを作りましたか。Who made this cake?あの人はだれですか。Who is that person?だれにこのメールを送りましたか。Who did you send this email to? - だれか dareka 文法Someone. Only one unidentified person; が/を can usually be omitted immediately after だれか.接続：だれか + particle/VSomeone. Only one unidentified person; が/を can usually be omitted immediately after だれか.注意 / Note：だれ is the question “who?”; だれか is “someone”.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Said an unidentified person
Wonder: Know there is someone but don't know/can't say who?
Avoid: Don't use it to ask directly
Tip to remember: だれか
Check again: “Someone” sign → だれか部屋にだれかいます。There's someone in the room.玄関にだれか来ました。Someone came to the door.だれかこの漢字を読めますか。Can anyone read this kanji? - だれでも daredemo 文法Anyone; everyone. There is no limit to who performs or is applied.接続：だれでも + affirmAnyone; everyone. There is no limit to who performs or is applied.注意 / Note：だれも + negative = no one; だれか = someone.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Tell anyone
Wonder: The sentence has an open, affirmative meaning and does not limit people?
Avoid: Don't use in negative sentences to say "no one"
Tip to remember: だれでも + affirm
Check again: “Anyone/anyone” → でもこのイベントはだれでも参加できます。Anyone can participate in this event.だれでも最初は間違えます。Everyone makes mistakes at first.この図書館はだれでも利用できます。Anyone can use this library. - だれも～ません daremo masen 文法No one…. Negates all people in range.接続：だれも + negativeNo one…. Negates all people in range.注意 / Note：だれでも goes with affirmative = anyone; do not say だれもいます in the sense of “everyone”.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say no one
Wonder: Is the whole group of people negated?
Avoid: Do not use with affirmative verbs
Tip to remember: だれも + negation
Check again: “No one” = だれ + も + ない教室にはだれもいません。There's no one in the class.パーティーにはだれも来ませんでした。No one came to the party.その質問にはだれも答えられません。No one can answer that question. - どこ doko 文法Where; where. Ask for the location, destination, or place of action; Choose the auxiliary according to the verb.接続：どこに／へ／で…Where; where. Ask for the location, destination, or place of action; Choose the auxiliary according to the verb.注意 / Note：どこに ask existence/target; どこで ask where the action is.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask about the place
Wonder: The place where information is needed is the location/destination/place of action?
Avoid: Don't forget to select に・へ・で by verb
Tip to remember: どこ + particle
Check again: Replace the place name with どこ, keeping the particle in the correct roleトイレはどこですか。Where is the toilet?鍵はどこにありますか。Where is the key?夏休みはどこへ行きますか。Where do you go for summer vacation? - どこか dokoka 文法Somewhere; somewhere. Refers to an unknown place; The particle が/を/へ can be omitted in some structures.接続：どこか（に／へ／で）Somewhere; somewhere. Refers to an unknown place; The particle が/を/へ can be omitted in some structures.注意 / Note：どこ is the question; どこか is an unknown place.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say an unknown place
Wonder: Does it mean “somewhere”?
Avoid: Don't use it when you want to say "anywhere"
Tip to remember: どこか
Check again: か = somewhere/unknown夏休みにどこかへ行きたいです。I want to go somewhere for summer vacation.どこか静かな所へ行きたいです。I want to go somewhere quiet.財布をどこかで落としました。I dropped my wallet somewhere. - どこでも dokodemo 文法Anywhere; everywhere. Unlimited locations.接続：どこでも + affirmativeAnywhere; everywhere. Unlimited locations.注意 / Note：どこにも + negative = nowhere; どこか = somewhere.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Speak anywhere
Wonder: The affirmative sentence allows unlimited places?
Avoid: Don't use it to say "nowhere"
Tip to remember: どこでも + affirm
Check again: でも = anywhere is fineこのカードはどこでも使えます。This card can be used anywhere.この店はどこでも同じ値段です。Wherever this store is, the price is the same.インターネットがあれば、どこでも働けます。With the Internet, you can work anywhere. - どこにも～ません dokonimo masen 文法Nowhere; nowhere. Negate existence/destination with the particle に.接続：どこにも + VませんNowhere; nowhere. Negate existence/destination with the particle に.注意 / Note：どこでも + assert = anywhere; どこか = somewhere.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say no where/yes there
Wonder: Is it negating the place of existence or destination?
Avoid: Don't use affirmative verbs after
Tip to remember: どこにも + negation
Check again: にも often matches ある・いる・行く in the negative form今日はどこにも行きません。I'm not going anywhere today.週末はどこにも出かけません。I don't go anywhere on the weekend.探しましたが、どこにも鍵がありません。I looked but the key was nowhere to be found. - どこへも～ません dokoemo masen 文法Going nowhere. Emphasize the direction/target of the transitive verb in the negative sentence.接続：どこへも + negative transitive verbGoing nowhere. Emphasize the direction/target of the transitive verb in the negative sentence.注意 / Note：どこにも行きません close meaning; へ press the direction of movement.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say you're not going anywhere
Wonder: Is the verb moving in a direction?
Avoid: Do not use if you do not need to press the direction
Tip to remember: どこへも + negation
Check again: へ press “towards where”日曜日はどこへも出かけませんでした。Sunday I didn't go anywhere.休みの日はどこへも行きたくないです。On my day off, I don't want to go anywhere.台風なので、今日はどこへも行けません。Because of the storm, I can't go anywhere today. - どこも～ません dokomo masen 文法Nowhere…. Negating entire locations, often when evaluating/searching multiple locations.接続：どこも + negativeNowhere…. Negating entire locations, often when evaluating/searching multiple locations.注意 / Note：どこにも often goes with exist/go to; どこも can be the subject of a comment.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say everywhere is nothing or nowhere
Wonder: Evaluating all locations?
Avoid: Don't confuse it with どこにも when talking about a specific location
Tip to remember: どこも + negation
Check again: “Nowhere…” → どこも日曜日なので、店はどこも開いていません。Because it was Sunday, no stores were open.この町のホテルはどこも満室です。Every hotel in this city is full.店を探しましたが、どこも閉まっていました。I looked for stores but every place was closed. - どちら dochira 文法Which side; which of the two; where. Ask for a choice between the two or politely ask for direction/location.接続：AとBとどちら／どちらですかWhich side; which of the two; where. Ask for a choice between the two or politely ask for direction/location.注意 / Note：どれ used to choose from three or more items; どっち is a form of intimacy.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Ask which one/which direction or choose between the two
Wonder: Are there two options or need to be polite?
Avoid: Don't use どれ when pressing two options
Tip to remember: どちら
Check again: Two sides/two dishes → どちらコーヒーと紅茶と、どちらが好きですか。Between coffee and tea, which one do you like?エレベーターはどちらですか。Which direction is the elevator?和室と洋室と、どちらにしますか。Between Japanese-style room and Western-style room, which room would you choose?
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