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Kiểm tra bài cũ
Đề kiểm tra nội dung Session 33 · 服・くつ · 買い物. Đúng từ 80% trở lên thì mở được buổi học hôm nay. Sai thì làm lại ngay, không phải chờ.
Hiểu nghĩa, cách nối và tự đặt câu ngắn.
Grammar of this session 文法 4課 後半
8 patterns · mẫu đang học được tô vàng ngay trong câu ví dụ
4課 後半 8 patterns
- ～ましょう mashou 文法Let's…. Invite or suggest doing things together; can also express the will "let me...".接続：Vます remove ます + ましょうLet's…. Invite or suggest doing things together; can also express the will "let me...".注意 / Note：ませんか is softer and makes it easier for the listener to refuse.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Invite all listeners to do the same
Wonder: Want to suggest “let's…”?
Avoid: Don't use it when you only invite lightly and allow a lot of refusal
Tip to remember: Remove ます + ましょう
Check again: Voice working together → ましょう時間ですから、始めましょう。It's time, let's get started.いっしょに写真を撮りましょう。Let's take pictures together.疲れましたね。少し休みましょう。I'm tired, right? Let's rest for a bit. - Vましょうか vmashouka 文法Shall I/we do…?. Offer to help or ask for ideas about working together.接続：Vます remove ます + ましょうかShall I/we do…?. Offer to help or ask for ideas about working together.注意 / Note：ませんか is usually an invitation; ましょうか usually suggests the speaker's action.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Offer to help or ask for advice on what to do
Wonder: What does the speaker want to do for the listener?
Avoid: Don't use it as a general invitation all the time
Tip to remember: Vます-stem + ましょうか
Check again: Seeing that the other person needs help → this sentence is very natural荷物を持ちましょうか。Can I help you carry your luggage?窓を開けましょうか。Can I open the window?駅まで車で送りましょうか。Shall I drive you to the station? - Vませんか vmasenka 文法Are you… together?. Polite and gentle invitation; negative form but has a suggestive meaning.接続：Vます remove ます + ませんかAre you… together?. Polite and gentle invitation; negative form but has a suggestive meaning.注意 / Note：ましょう more directly; ませんか leave the decision up to the listener.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Invite listeners to gently participate
Wonder: Want to invite but want to make it easy for them to refuse?
Avoid: Don't take it literally as "don't do it?"
Tip to remember: Vます-stem + ませんか
Check again: Soft invitation: the end of the sentence is negative but the meaning is invitationいっしょに昼ご飯を食べませんか。Do you want to have lunch with me?今晩、いっしょに勉強しませんか。Let's study together tonight?日曜日、公園へ行きませんか。Do you want to go to the park on Sunday? - ～て～ te 文法Do… then…; and…. Connect actions in sequence or in the same sequence of events.接続：Vて、VDo… then…; and…. Connect actions in sequence or in the same sequence of events.注意 / Note：The last action determines the tense of the whole sentence; てから emphasizes after finishing the previous work.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Connect simple consecutive actions
Wonder: Do actions only need to be told in series?
Avoid: Don't use it if you have to press "after completion"
Tip to remember: Vて、V
Check again: No need to press completion → use て to connect朝起きて、顔を洗います。In the morning I wake up and wash my face.コンビニへ行って、弁当を買いました。I went to the convenience store and bought a boxed lunch.電気を消して、部屋を出ました。I turned off the light and left the room. - ～ています teimasu 文法Are…; frequent…; in the state…. Describes an ongoing action, habit/occupation or resulting state.接続：Vて + いますAre…; frequent…; in the state…. Describes an ongoing action, habit/occupation or resulting state.注意 / Note：It is not always “are”: 結婚しています means married and in that state.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Talk about what's going on, a habit, or a resulting state
Wonder: Is the context “is”, “usually”, or “has been and still is in that state”?
Avoid: Don't mechanically translate every ている as "being"
Tip to remember: Read the same adverb: 今, いつも, もう, まだ to determine the meaning
Check again: Ask: is the action running or the result still remaining?今、雨が降っています。Now it's raining.父は銀行で働いています。My father works at a bank.田中さんは眼鏡をかけています。Mr. Tanaka is wearing glasses. - ～てから～ tekara 文法After doing… then…. Emphasize that the second action occurs only after the first action is completed.接続：Vてから、～After doing… then…. Emphasize that the second action occurs only after the first action is completed.注意 / Note：Vて indicates sequence concatenation; てから emphasizes the milestone of completion first.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Right click to complete A before doing B
Wonder: Does B only happen after A is done?
Avoid: Don't use if just listing actions
Tip to remember: Vてから、B
Check again: Try inserting "after finishing" in Vietnamese, if it comes naturally, use てから手を洗ってから、ご飯を食べます。After washing my hands, I eat rice.予約してから、店へ行きました。After making a reservation, I went to the restaurant.よく考えてから、答えてください。Think carefully then answer. - ～てください tekudasai 文法Please/please…. Request or instruct others to take action; basic politeness.接続：Vて + くださいPlease/please…. Request or instruct others to take action; basic politeness.注意 / Note：Can listen live; ～てくださいませんか softer and more polite.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Basic courtesy requests/instructions
Wonder: Want your listeners to take an action?
Avoid: Do not use with superior if the rod is extremely soft
Tip to remember: Vて + ください
Check again: Signs/instructions/basic instructions → てくださいここに名前を書いてください。Please write your name here.この漢字を読んでください。Read this kanji.入口で少し待ってください。Please wait a moment at the entrance. - ～ないでください naidekudasai 文法Please don't…. Ask others not to take action.接続：Vない + でくださいPlease don't…. Ask others not to take action.注意 / Note：Must use ない form; 撮りませんでください is wrong.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Request to do nothing
Wonder: Do you want to ban or gently remind not to do it?
Avoid: Don't use Vませんでください
Tip to remember: Vない + でください
Check again: Return the verb to ない first, then add でくださいここで写真を撮らないでください。Please do not take photos here.電車の中で電話しないでください。Please do not call inside the train.この紙を捨てないでください。Please do not throw away this paper.
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