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Kiểm tra bài cũ
Đề kiểm tra nội dung Session 27 · 食べ物・飲み物 · ここ・そこ・あそこ · 位置・方向. Đúng từ 80% trở lên thì mở được buổi học hôm nay. Sai thì làm lại ngay, không phải chờ.
Hiểu nghĩa, cách nối và tự đặt câu ngắn.
Grammar of this session 文法 4課 前半
8 patterns · mẫu đang học được tô vàng ngay trong câu ví dụ
4課 前半 8 patterns
- ～たいです taidesu 文法Want to do…. Expresses the speaker's wishes; Common objects use を or が.接続：Vます remove ます + たいですWant to do…. Expresses the speaker's wishes; Common objects use を or が.注意 / Note：Do not use it directly to affirm the wishes of others; You can ask or use ～たがっています.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say the desire to do an action yourself
Wonder: What do you want to do, not what do you want to have?
Avoid: Don't directly assert another person's wishes
Tip to remember: Remove ます + たいです
Check again: If "want" is followed by a verb, choose たい週末、京都へ行きたいです。I want to go to Kyoto this weekend.日本で建築を勉強したいです。I want to study architecture in Japan.今日は早く寝たいです。Today I want to sleep early. - ～がほしいです gahoshiidesu 文法Want to have…. Expresses the desire to own an object; mainly talk about yourself or ask questions of listeners.接続：N がほしいですWant to have…. Expresses the desire to own an object; mainly talk about yourself or ask questions of listeners.注意 / Note：ほしい goes with nouns; want to do an action using Vたいです.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Saying a wish to have an object/condition
Wonder: Do you want to own/have any nouns?
Avoid: Don't use with actions
Tip to remember: N がほしいです
Check again: If "want" is followed by a noun, choose ほしい新しいパソコンがほしいです。I want a new computer.休みがほしいです。I want a day off.駅の近くに家がほしいです。I want a house near the station. - ～ができます gadekimasu 文法Possible; is completed/appears. Talking about capacity and ability; It also means that a project/thing has been created.接続：N ができます／VることができますPossible; is completed/appears. Talking about capacity and ability; It also means that a project/thing has been created.注意 / Note：With verbs, use the dictionary form + ことができます.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say capacity, ability or thing to be accomplished
Wonder: What does it mean to know/do or something that appears completed?
Avoid: Don't use Nができます if you need to clearly state the action with a verb
Tip to remember: Verbs using Vることができます
Check again: Seeing “can drive/read” → use ことができます私は少し日本語ができます。I know/can use some Japanese.妹はピアノができます。My sister knows how to play the piano.駅の前に新しいホテルができました。A new hotel has been completed in front of the station. - ～にします nishimasu 文法Choose/decide to take…. Used when choosing dishes, options or deciding on a state.接続：N にしますChoose/decide to take…. Used when choosing dishes, options or deciding on a state.注意 / Note：になります describes becoming/result; にします emphasizes active choice.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Choose a dish, option or proactively decide
Wonder: Is the speaker choosing A over other options?
Avoid: Don't always mean "become"
Tip to remember: At the restaurant/make an appointment: Nにします
Check again: Ask “which one to get?” → the answer is usually Nにします飲み物はコーヒーにします。As a drink, I choose coffee.昼ご飯はラーメンにします。For lunch I chose ramen.旅行の日は来週の土曜日にします。I decided the travel date is next Saturday. - ～になります ninarimasu 文法Become; so. Expresses a change in career, status or result.接続：N／な-Adj に なりますBecome; so. Expresses a change in career, status or result.注意 / Note：にします is to decide/make; になります is to become.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Speaking becomes a profession, a time, a state or a result
Wonder: Is there a change happening?
Avoid: Don't use it when the speaker is making an active choice
Tip to remember: N／Adj に なります
Check again: Translated as “to become” without a doer → になります来年、大学生になります。Next year I will become a university student.この部屋は来月、教室になります。Next month this room will become a classroom.会議は三時からになります。The meeting was changed to start at 3 o'clock. - Vること vrukoto 文法Work…. Nominalize an action so that it serves as a subject, object, or sentence element.接続：Dictionary form verb + ことWork…. Nominalize an action so that it serves as a subject, object, or sentence element.注意 / Note：Vるの is also nominalized but is often closer and more direct; こと is often used for concepts/rules.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Turn actions into concepts/rules
Wonder: Want to say “job…” as a noun?
Avoid: Don't use it when talking about a very close, direct experience
Tip to remember: Vる + こと often matches regulations, habits, and general ideas
Check again: Encountering “things… that are important/forbidden” → こと毎日運動することは大切です。Being active every day is important.外国語を学ぶことは楽しいです。Learning foreign languages is fun.ここでたばこを吸うことは禁止です。Smoking here is prohibited. - Vることができます vrukotogadekimasu 文法Can do…. Describes the capacity or condition that allows an action to be performed.接続：V form dictionary + ことができますCan do…. Describes the capacity or condition that allows an action to be performed.注意 / Note：Do not use ます before こと: 借りますこと is wrong.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Say you can do one movement
Wonder: Are verbs the content of possibility?
Avoid: Don't attach こと to ます
Tip to remember: V form dictionary + ことができます
Check again: After "can" put the verb into the dictionary form firstこの図書館で本を借りることができます。Books can be borrowed at this library.この店ではカードで払うことができます。In this store you can pay by card.スマホで予約することができます。Reservations can be made by phone. - Vるの vruno 文法Work…; something used to…. Nounifying actions in speech, especially with 見る・聞く・好き・上手.接続：V form dictionary + のWork…; something used to…. Nounifying actions in speech, especially with 見る・聞く・好き・上手.注意 / Note：こと more formal/general; の natural when talking about direct experience.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Nouning a close action, a direct feeling
Wonder: Going with 好き・上手・見る・聞く?
Avoid: Don't replace every こと with の in the rule text
Tip to remember: Vるの matches your interests, abilities, and things you see/hear
Check again: If there are personal feelings/feelings, の is usually natural料理を作るのが好きです。I like cooking.朝早く走るのが好きです。I like to run early in the morning.漢字を覚えるのは難しいです。Memorizing kanji is difficult.
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