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Kiểm tra bài cũ
Đề kiểm tra nội dung Session 22 · 毎日の生活 · レストランで. Đúng từ 80% trở lên thì mở được buổi học hôm nay. Sai thì làm lại ngay, không phải chờ.
Hiểu nghĩa, cách nối và tự đặt câu ngắn.
Grammar of this session 文法 3課
10 patterns · mẫu đang học được tô vàng ngay trong câu ví dụ
3課 10 patterns
- い-Adjく + V i adjku v 文法Doing an action in the state of…. Turn adjectives ending い into adverbs to modify verbs.接続：い adjective い + く + verbDoing an action in the state of…. Turn adjectives ending い into adverbs to modify verbs.注意 / Note：な-adjectives use に, not く.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Describe how to do an action using the tag property い
Wonder: Is the adjective modifying the verb?
Avoid: Don't use く with な-adjectives
Tip to remember: い remove い + く + V
Check again: Ask "how to do it?": loud, fast, fun...子どもたちは楽しく遊んでいます。The children are playing happily.名前を大きく書いてください。Write your name big.赤ちゃんが気持ちよく寝ています。The baby is sleeping soundly. - い-Adjくない i adjkunai 文法No…. Form the present negative form of adjectives ending in い.接続：い adjective い + くないです／くありませんNo…. Form the present negative form of adjectives ending in い.注意 / Note：いい is irregular: よくない, not いくない.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Negation of adjectives ending in い in the present
Wonder: Want to say “no…” about nature?
Avoid: Don't attach じゃない directly to い-adjectives
Tip to remember: い changed to くない
Check again: Particularly いい → よくない, remembered as exceptionこの料理は辛くないです。This dish is not spicy.今日はあまり暑くないです。Today is not very hot.この問題は難しくありません。This lesson is not difficult. - い-Adjて i adjte 文法… and…; because… so…. Connect the properties or state the mild cause; The two sides usually have the same evaluation direction.接続：い adjective い + くて… and…; because… so…. Connect the properties or state the mild cause; The two sides usually have the same evaluation direction.注意 / Note：いい→よくて; Do not use くて to connect two clearly opposing ideas.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Connect two properties or state a light reason with い-adjective
Wonder: Are the two ideas in the same direction/complementary?
Avoid: Don't use for obvious opposition, use が／けど
Tip to remember: い changed to くて
Check again: Two characteristics describe the same thing → くてこの部屋は広くて、明るいです。This room is large and bright.このりんごは甘くて、おいしいです。This apple is sweet and delicious.駅は近くて、便利です。The station is close so it's very convenient. - い-Adjくします i adjkushimasu 文法Make… become…. Describes the subject actively changing the state of things.接続：N を い-AdjくしますMake… become…. Describes the subject actively changing the state of things.注意 / Note：くなります is self-becoming; くします is intentional.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Actively making an object become い
Wonder: Is there anyone who can influence or change anything?
Avoid: Do not use when the change occurs spontaneously
Tip to remember: N を + くします
Check again: There is an agent “I/someone does” → を…くするテレビの音を小さくします。I turned down the TV volume.部屋を暖かくしました。I warmed up the room.写真を明るくしてください。Make the photo brighter. - い-Adjくなります i adjkunarimasu 文法Becoming…. Describes a change in a natural state or result, without emphasizing the actor.接続：N が い-AdjくなりますBecoming…. Describes a change in a natural state or result, without emphasizing the actor.注意 / Note：くします is to make; くなります is to become.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Describes how things naturally become い
Wonder: Is the changed state a result/natural?
Avoid: Don't use it when pressing someone to change it
Tip to remember: N が + くなります
Check again: No need to mention who did it → が…くなるだんだん寒くなりました。The weather has gradually become colder.春になると、日が長くなります。In spring, the days become longer.子どもは去年より背が高くなりました。The child is taller than last year. - な-Adjに + V na adjni v 文法Act in a way…. Turn adjectives ending な into adverbs to modify verbs.接続：な adjective + に + verbAct in a way…. Turn adjectives ending な into adverbs to modify verbs.注意 / Note：い-adjective changed to く; な-adjective using に.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Describe how to do it using な-adjective
Wonder: Is the adjective modifying the action?
Avoid: Don't use く with な-adjectives
Tip to remember: な-adjective + に + V
Check again: Ask “how?” and the result is 静かに, 丁寧に先生は丁寧に説明しました。The teacher explained carefully.静かにドアを閉めました。I quietly closed the door.野菜をきれいに切ってください。Please cut vegetables beautifully/compactly. - な-Adjで na adjde 文法… and…; because… so…. Connects two properties or connects to the next clause.接続：な adjective + で… and…; because… so…. Connects two properties or connects to the next clause.注意 / Note：で here is the conjunctive form of です, not a location particle.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Connect two properties or state a reason using な-adjective
Wonder: Are the two characteristics being described/explained together?
Avoid: Don't confuse this で with place
Tip to remember: な-adjective + で
Check again: If で is preceded by きれい・静か・元気, this is a concatenationこの町は静かで、きれいです。This town is quiet and beautiful.このホテルは有名で、にぎやかです。This hotel is famous and bustling.田中さんは元気で、親切です。Mr. Tanaka is healthy and kind. - な-Adjにします na adjnishimasu 文法Make… become…; choose…. Describes intentional change; with choice, Nにします means choose N.接続：N を な-AdjにしますMake… become…; choose…. Describes intentional change; with choice, Nにします means choose N.注意 / Note：になります is to become, not to press the agent.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Actively act as a status bearer な
Wonder: Did someone choose or change the status?
Avoid: Don't use it when just saying the result happened spontaneously
Tip to remember: N を + な-adjectiveにします
Check again: Someone makes a decision/cleans up/adjusts → にします部屋をきれいにします。I clean/make the room clean.机の上をきれいにします。I cleaned the table top.会議室を静かにしてください。Please keep the meeting room quiet. - な-Adjになります na adjninarimasu 文法Becoming…. Expressing a change to a state is expressed with な-adjectives.接続：N が な-AdjになりますBecoming…. Expressing a change to a state is expressed with な-adjectives.注意 / Note：にします is to make; になります is to become.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Describes an object/person becoming な
Wonder: Are you reporting any changes in results?
Avoid: Don't use it when you want to say "I do..."
Tip to remember: N が + な-adjectiveになります
Check again: No clear agent → になります町がにぎやかになりました。The city has become bustling.練習して、運転が上手になりました。Thanks to practice, I have become better at driving.駅の周りが便利になりました。The area around the station has become convenient. - な-Adjじゃない／ではない na adjjanai dewa nai 文法Not/not…. Negation of nouns and adjectives ending in な; じゃない is more intimate than ではありません.接続：な-Adj／N じゃないです・ではありませんNot/not…. Negation of nouns and adjectives ending in な; じゃない is more intimate than ではありません.注意 / Note：い-adjectives do not use じゃない directly: 高くない, not 高いじゃない.使い分け / How to choose quickly：Use when: Negation of nouns or な-adjectives
Wonder: Is the previous word a noun/な-adjective?
Avoid: Don't apply to い-adjectives
Tip to remember: じゃない more informal, ではありません more polite
Check again: Can I attach です? If so, most likely use じゃない／ではない今日は暇じゃないです。I'm not free today.この町は静かではありません。This town is not quiet.弟は魚が好きじゃないです。My younger brother doesn't like fish.
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